| Main Ref. | Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister and J.R. Stauffer, 1980 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch, 1996 |
| Reproductive guild |
guarders clutch tenders |
| Parental Care | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Deposits eggs on open substrate such as stones (Ref. 6466), a piece of submerged wood, or a shallow depression excavated in the substrate; from 100 to 500 eggs are deposited and guarded by both parents; newly hatched young are transferred to shallow pits and the parents continue guarding them (Ref. 44091). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |