| Main Ref. | Akagawa, I. and M. Okiyama, 1995 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | promiscuity |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Akagawa, I. and M. Okiyama, 1995 |
| Reproductive guild |
guarders clutch tenders |
| Parental Care | maternal |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Females attach adhesive eggs to seaweed with the mouth and guard them until embryos hatch (Ref. 40060). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |