| Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1975 |
| Mode | protandry |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | No obvious seasonal peak |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
guarders nesters |
| Parental Care | paternal |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205). Spawning pairs can be found throughout the year. The total annual egg production is estimated at 3,000 - 5,000 eggs (Ref. 237). Fecundity ranges from 128 - 632 (Ref. 237). Also Ref. 7471, 240. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |