| Main Ref. | Fitch, J.E., 1974 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | promiscuity |
| Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | Yes. Ref. SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations, 2018 |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Shanks, A.L. and G.L. Eckert, 2005 |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049). Spawning aggregations are a significant component of the reproductive behavior of this species (Ref. 59326). Also Ref. 103751. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |