| Main Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | polyandry |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Spawning fish come close to shore in groups of 50-400. Groups are about 25 to 100 feet apart from each other. Females are crowded by 2 or more males into 1 or 2 inches of water by the shoreline and eggs and sperms are released. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |