| Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1975 |
| Mode | protandry |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | monogamy:obligate |
| Spawning frequency | No obvious seasonal peak |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
guarders nesters |
| Parental Care | paternal |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205). One pair spawns several times per year. Annual fecundity is estimated to be 2,000 to 4,000 eggs. Size at sex change = 5.4 cm TL (Ref. 55367). Also Ref. 240, 7471. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |