| Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | two seasonal peaks per year |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Breed in spring and again in autumn, in open waters near or over plants or other objects; eggs slightly adhesive (Ref. 188). Females can produce 5,000 to 20,000 eggs depending upon their size (Ref. 44091). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |