Main Ref. | Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | in brood pouch or similar structure |
Mating type | polyandry |
Spawning frequency | |
Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966 |
Reproductive guild |
bearers external brooders |
Parental Care | paternal |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Consistent paternity is ensured despite brooding of embryos on the outside of the male's body instead of a brood pouch characteristic of the family (Ref. 81011, 53335). Events of cuckoldry by sneaker males is ruled out through genetic paternity analyses based on molecular markers (Ref. 81011). Each male carries eggs from a single female but females may deposit eggs on several brooding pouches (Ref. 81011). |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |