| 主要参考文献 | Thresher, R.E., 1984 |
| 模态 | dioecism |
| 受精 | external |
| Mating type | |
| 产卵频度 | |
| Spawning aggregation | 参考文献 |
| 批次产卵者 | 参考文献 |
| 生殖同功群 |
bearers external brooders |
| Parental Care | paternal |
| 生命周期与交配行为的描述 | Courtship and spawning occur on a semi-lunar cycle, shortly before full and new moons (Ref. 37816). Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205). Are mouthbrooders (Ref. 240). Males incubate up to 12,000 eggs for a period of about 8 days (Ref. 37816). After the pelagic larval phase, juveniles settle and grow at a rate of 3 to 6 mm per month (Ref. 37816). |
| 搜寻有关繁殖更多的参考资料 | Scirus |