| Main Ref. | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Inhabits offshore reefs (Ref. 9563). Demersal fish and a carnivore (Ref. 42247). Feeds on benthic invertebrates. Dwells in benthic sandy substrates (Ref. 127989). Inhabits shallow waters, over scattered reefs and rocky areas. Scavenger. Feeds on encrusting organisms and floating detritus (Ref. 9773). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.70 | 0.36 | 3.59 | 0.57 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 4.01 | 0.68 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 | ||||