Ecology Summary - Apeltes quadracus

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Main Ref.	Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams, 1988
Remarks	Occurs mainly along weedy bays and backwaters, entering brackish water and to a limited extent, fresh water. Food in the marine environment includes planktonic gammarids, isopods, chironomids and plants, while larvae of cladoceranas, chironomids, ephemeropterans, arthropods and other insects are eaten by freshwater populations. It is preyed upon by American eels (Anguilla rostrata), killfish (Fundulus), Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) and sticklebacks.

Main Ref.

Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams, 1988

Remarks

Occurs mainly along weedy bays and backwaters, entering brackish water and to a limited extent, fresh water. Food in the marine environment includes planktonic gammarids, isopods, chironomids and plants, while larvae of cladoceranas, chironomids, ephemeropterans, arthropods and other insects are eaten by freshwater populations. It is preyed upon by American eels (Anguilla rostrata), killfish (Fundulus), Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) and sticklebacks.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Apeltes quadracus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks	Parasites of the species include monogenetic trematodes (Gyrodactylus avalonia, G. cameroni and G. canadensis), digenetic trematode (Podocotyle atomon), cestode (Proteocephalus) sp. and a nematode (Cystidicola farionis (Ref. 5951).
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams, 1988
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Delbeek, J.C. and D.D. Williams, 1988

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.23	0.38			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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