Ecology Summary - Lota lota

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Ecology of Lota lota

Main Ref.	Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell, 1992
Remarks	The only member of the family which lives in freshwater. Crepuscular and nocturnal (Ref. 11941). Inhabits deep lakes and large rivers (Ref. 5723) with slow-moving current. Seeks shelter under rocks, in crevices on the river banks, among roots of trees and dense vegetation (Ref. 30578). Those in rivers tend to congregate in deep holes throughout the year, except at spawning (Ref. 27547). Movements into shallower water during summer nights are related to feeding (Ref. 1998). Smaller individuals feed on insect larvae, crayfish, mollusks and other invertebrates with a changing preference for fishes in larger individuals (Ref. 1998). Feeds mainly on fish (Ref. 13439).

Main Ref.

Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell, 1992

Remarks

The only member of the family which lives in freshwater. Crepuscular and nocturnal (Ref. 11941). Inhabits deep lakes and large rivers (Ref. 5723) with slow-moving current. Seeks shelter under rocks, in crevices on the river banks, among roots of trees and dense vegetation (Ref. 30578). Those in rivers tend to congregate in deep holes throughout the year, except at spawning (Ref. 27547). Movements into shallower water during summer nights are related to feeding (Ref. 1998). Smaller individuals feed on insect larvae, crayfish, mollusks and other invertebrates with a changing preference for fishes in larger individuals (Ref. 1998). Feeds mainly on fish (Ref. 13439).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Lota lota may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	vegetation ( driftwood );
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell, 1992
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.84	0.20	4.19	0.80	Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies.
From individual food items	4.05	0.81			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Bailey, M.M., 1972

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