Ecology Summary - Engraulis anchoita

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Main Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988
Remarks	Occurs in coastal waters to about 800 km or more from the shore; forming dense schools at about 30 to 90 m depth in summer off Argentina, but down to 100 to 200 m depth in winter. Schools around southern Uruguay and northern Argentina; moves offshore toward the end of the year and northward in March to June, moving south again and close to shore in August to October. Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on zooplankton (Ref. 42392). In south Brazil, it is during winter when the most favorable season for larval feeding with high probability of prey consumption due to shelfbreak upwelling, high vertical stability in the water column and high production in the coastal region (Ref. 53892).

Main Ref.

Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988

Remarks

Occurs in coastal waters to about 800 km or more from the shore; forming dense schools at about 30 to 90 m depth in summer off Argentina, but down to 100 to 200 m depth in winter. Schools around southern Uruguay and northern Argentina; moves offshore toward the end of the year and northward in March to June, moving south again and close to shore in August to October. Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on zooplankton (Ref. 42392). In south Brazil, it is during winter when the most favorable season for larval feeding with high probability of prey consumption due to shelfbreak upwelling, high vertical stability in the water column and high production in the coastal region (Ref. 53892).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Engraulis anchoita may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988
Feeding habit	filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	2.51	0.00			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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