| Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Anmärkningar | Found over hard bottoms in inshore reef areas. Juveniles inhabit estuaries and mouths of rivers (Ref. 9313). Carnivorous, feeds on invertebrates and fish (Ref. 9313, 57615). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
| Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1995 |
|---|---|
| Associations | schooling; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Generally solitary or in small groups but may occasionally form big schools (Ref. 9313). |
| Parasitism |
| Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1995 |
| Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1995 |
| Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Från födosammansättning | 4.04 | 0.24 | 3.84 | 0.58 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| Från individuella födoämnen | 3.83 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Lozano, M.S. and X.C. Carrapa, 2000 | ||||