Ecology Summary - Pollachius virens

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Main Ref.	Pauly, D., 1989
Remarks	Studies on the diet of this species in various localities in the North Atlantic have shown the pelagic character of its food. During its first two years of existence, it inhabits mostly coastal waters where it feeds mainly on plankton like appendicularians and crustaceans. After this coastal period, it migrates to the open sea and its food remains pelagic, although prey is larger and consists of euphausiids, fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 42118). Parasites of the species include 6 trematodes, 2 nematodes, 2 cestodes and 1 acanthocephalan; Hemiuris levinseni (trematode) being the most common, followed by Echinorhynchus gadi (Ref. 5951). See also Ref. 8999.

Main Ref.

Pauly, D., 1989

Remarks

Studies on the diet of this species in various localities in the North Atlantic have shown the pelagic character of its food. During its first two years of existence, it inhabits mostly coastal waters where it feeds mainly on plankton like appendicularians and crustaceans. After this coastal period, it migrates to the open sea and its food remains pelagic, although prey is larger and consists of euphausiids, fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 42118). Parasites of the species include 6 trematodes, 2 nematodes, 2 cestodes and 1 acanthocephalan; Hemiuris levinseni (trematode) being the most common, followed by Echinorhynchus gadi (Ref. 5951). See also Ref. 8999.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pollachius virens may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Pauly, D., 1989
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Pauly, D., 1989

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.31	0.35	4.22	0.68	Troph of adults from 5 studies.
From individual food items	3.61	0.72			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Daan, N., 1989

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