Ecology Summary - Umbrina coroides

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Main Ref.	Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
Remarks	Inhabits the surf zone along sandy beaches, but in clear water. Also occurs over muddy bottoms in estuaries and sometimes near coral reef areas. Foraged over the bottom by swimming at about 1-2 cm above the bottom and stopped at selected site. With its body slightly prone, about 15° or 20°, it buried its mouth into the sand and ejected sediment through itas mouth and gill openings, producing a dense sandy cloud (Ref. 40104). Feeds on small crustaceans washed out of sand by the surf (Ref. 5521)

Main Ref.

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986

Remarks

Inhabits the surf zone along sandy beaches, but in clear water. Also occurs over muddy bottoms in estuaries and sometimes near coral reef areas. Foraged over the bottom by swimming at about 1-2 cm above the bottom and stopped at selected site. With its body slightly prone, about 15° or 20°, it buried its mouth into the sand and ejected sediment through itas mouth and gill openings, producing a dense sandy cloud (Ref. 40104). Feeds on small crustaceans washed out of sand by the surf (Ref. 5521)

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Umbrina coroides may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Druzhinin, A.D., 1974
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.10	0.17			Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
From individual food items	3.28	0.46			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004

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