Main Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |
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Remarks | Commonly occurs between 200 and 600 m on silty or muddy bottoms at temperatures ranging from -0.1°C to -1.8°C and salinities ranging from 34.8 to 34.9 0/oo (Ref. 37512). It is preyed upon by thick-billed murres (Ref. 5951). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.29 | 0.22 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.50 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |