Main Ref. | Philip, K.P., 1998 |
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Remarks | Uncommon species found in outer reef slopes and deep lagoon pinnacles from 8 to at least 80 m. In small aggregations, sometimes schools in oceanic locations (Ref. 48635). Feeds on small fish, crustaceans, and other small invertebrates (Ref. 5213). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Philip, K.P., 1998 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.64 | 0.45 | 3.61 | 0.56 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.82 | 0.57 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Philip, K.P., 1998 |