| อ้างอิงหลัก | Philippart, J.-C. and J.-C. Ruwet, 1982 |
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| ข้อสังเกต | Inhabits lower Zambezi, Limpopo and eastern rivers southwards. Prefers sheltered banks provided with vegetation. The adult tilapia mainly occupy deeper terraces which surround the lake at high-water levels. Feeds on detritus, plankton, and algae (Ref. 11889). Small fish fed initially on zoobenthos and zooplankton, but fish with a mass of over 4 g fed increasingly on Microcystis aeruginosa and detritus (Ref. 43783). Increased in rainfall improved the quality of diet, as level of protein, energy and organic matter in the diet increased in quantity (Ref. 52847). Utilized in rice fish culture (Ref. 26236). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
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| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. | Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta, 2004 |
| อ้างอิง | |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| วิธีการให้อาหาร | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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| Feeding type Ref. | Trewavas, E., 1982 |
| นิสัยในการกินอาหาร | browsing on substrate |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Trewavas, E., 1982 |
| Estimation method | ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม | ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง | ข้อสังเกต | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร | 2.17 | 0.03 | 2.00 | 0.00 | Troph of juv./adults from 14 studies. |
| จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด | 2.77 | 0.36 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| อ้างอิง | Blühdorn, D.R., A.H. Arthington and P.B. Mather, 1989 | ||||