主な参照 | Andriashev, A.P., 1986 |
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意見 | Lives at temperature of 0-5°C. Off Greenland it measures 50 cm and off Scandinavia rarely over 25-30 cm (Ref. 35388). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds mostly on endobenthic prey, with shrimps and euphausiids becoming the more prominent prey as the size increases (Ref. 13532). Prefers warmer waters. Large eggs of 6 mm diameter are deposited on the sea floor (Ref. 13534). Parasites of the species include a protozoan, Trypanosoma murmanensis; blood parasites; and copepods Clavella insolita and Haemobaphes cyclopterina (Ref. 5951). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
参照 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Not commercially exploited in the NW Atlantic, but occur frequently in bottom-trawl catches over broad ranges of depth and temperature (Ref. 13534); may suggest absence of aggregating behavior. |
Parasitism |
供給様式 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Valtysson, H.T., 1995 |
食性 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Andriashev, A.P., 1986 |
Estimation method | 原本のサンプル | Unfished population | 意見 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
餌料組成から | 3.36 | 0.38 | |||
個々の食物品目から | 3.40 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参照 | Valtysson, H.T., 1995 |