主要參考文獻 | Bath, H., 1990 |
---|---|
附註 | Intertidal (Ref. 31184), occurs in wave-battered rocky shores of coastal waters (Ref. 5298). Prefers crevices and troughs in steep walls. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds (Ref. 31184). Feeds on mussels, other benthic invertebrates and algae. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | : rocky; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Zander, C.D., 1986 |
攝取食物的習慣 | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Zander, C.D., 1986 |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | 4.49 | 3.30 | 0.23 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
從個別的食物項目 | 3.27 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 | Goldschmid, A., K. Kotrschal and P. Wirtz, 1984 |