Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
---|---|
Anmärkningar | Occurs in shallow coral reefs, as well as deeper offshore waters (Ref. 3724). A nocturnal species, hiding in deep crevices or under coral ledges during the day; at night it usually moves over sand and grass beds, taking mainly crabs and other small crustaceans (Ref. 3634). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). Carnivore (Ref. 33499, 40102, 57616). Also cleaned by Elacatinus figaro observed off the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Ref. 40102) and by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | : sand;: rocky; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | Cleaned by Thalassoma noronhanum observed at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago off northeastern Brazil (Ref. 36301). |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Från födosammansättning | 3.11 | 0.29 | 3.51 | 0.60 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
Från individuella födoämnen | 3.40 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |