| Ref. principal | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Occurs in clear rocky or coral reefs (Ref. 5217) and mangroves (Ref. 26340). Nocturnal feeder on crabs, gastropods, starfish and annelid worms (Ref. 5521). Mobile invertebrates feeder (Ref. 57616). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | : rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992 |
| Habitats especiais | Beds: others; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978 |
|---|---|
| Associações | schooling; |
| Associada com | |
| Comentários sobre associação | Often forming schools (Ref. 3798). |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.68 | 0.18 | 3.20 | 0.39 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.50 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||