Ecology Summary - Dipturus laevis

言語:

主な参照	McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998
意見	Occurs from water's edge to 430 m depth; absent from shoal waters in south during warm months. Lives on all kinds of bottom (Ref. 27314). It tolerates a wide temperature range (1.2-20°C). Voracious predator(Ref. 5951); feeds on bivalve mollusks, squids, rock crabs, lobsters, shrimps, worms and fishes (Ref. 27314). Food also includes fishes like spiny dogfish, alewife, Atlantic herring, butterfish, sand lance, cunner, hakes and flatfishes. Parasites of the species include 1 turbellarian, 3 trematodes, 4 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 4 copepods, found on gills, skin and digestive tract; infestation is relatively severe (Ref. 5951).

主な参照

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998

意見

Occurs from water's edge to 430 m depth; absent from shoal waters in south during warm months. Lives on all kinds of bottom (Ref. 27314). It tolerates a wide temperature range (1.2-20°C). Voracious predator(Ref. 5951); feeds on bivalve mollusks, squids, rock crabs, lobsters, shrimps, worms and fishes (Ref. 27314). Food also includes fishes like spiny dogfish, alewife, Atlantic herring, butterfish, sand lance, cunner, hakes and flatfishes. Parasites of the species include 1 turbellarian, 3 trematodes, 4 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 4 copepods, found on gills, skin and digestive tract; infestation is relatively severe (Ref. 5951).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/潟/汽水性の海 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞窟もっぱら

Highighted items on the list are where Dipturus laevis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom Hard Bottom;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

参照
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

供給

供給様式	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998
食性	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	原本のサンプル		Unfished population		意見
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	意見
餌料組成から	3.50		3.44	0.49	Troph of adults from 1 study.
個々の食物品目から	4.09	0.71			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
参照	Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000

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