| 主要参考文献 | Vasconcelos-Filho, A.L., D.S. Guedes, E.M.B. Galiza and S. Azevedo-Araujo, 1984 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Found along sandy shores and over shallow muddy bottoms (Ref. 3798). Feeds at night on crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 3798). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 参考文献 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Vasconcelos-Filho, A.L., D.S. Guedes, E.M.B. Galiza and S. Azevedo-Araujo, 1984 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | 3.61 | 0.32 | 3.41 | 0.47 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| 从个别的食物项目 | 3.05 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 | ||||