主要参考文献 | Moreira, F., C.A. Assis, P.R. Almeida, J.L. Costa and M.J. Costa, 1992 |
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附注 | Feeds on fish and benthic organisms (Ref. 4944). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
参考文献 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Moreira, F., C.A. Assis, P.R. Almeida, J.L. Costa and M.J. Costa, 1992 |
摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
从食物内容 | 3.98 | 0.05 | 3.65 | 0.61 | Troph of juv./adults from 176 studies. |
从个别的食物项目 | 3.58 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参考文献 | Costa, M.J., 1988 |