| 主要參考文獻 | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Inhabits rocky and coral reefs, on rocks, sand or rubble (Ref. 9710). Found in weedy estuaries along the east coast of southern Africa (Ref. 4113). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Shao, K.-T., C.-P. Lin, L.-T. Ho and P.-L. Lin, 1990 |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 4.20 | 0.73 | 4.26 | 0.77 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| 從個別的食物項目 | 4.20 | 0.73 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| 參考文獻 | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||