| 主要參考文獻 | Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté, 2004 |
| 模態 | dioecism |
| 受精 | external |
| Mating type | monogamy:obligate |
| 產卵頻度 | |
| Spawning aggregation | 參考文獻 |
| 批次產卵者 | 參考文獻 |
| 生殖同功群 |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| 生命周期與交配行為的描述 | Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as obligate, genetic and social (Ref. 52884). |
| 搜尋有關繁殖更多的參考資料 | Scirus |