| 主要參考文獻 | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
| 模態 | dioecism |
| 受精 | external |
| Mating type | |
| 產卵頻度 | |
| Spawning aggregation | 參考文獻 |
| 批次產卵者 | 參考文獻 |
| 生殖同功群 |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| 生命周期與交配行為的描述 | A female is surrounded by males close to the bottom; eggs and sperm are released at the same time and eggs settle in the gravel. |
| 搜尋有關繁殖更多的參考資料 | Scirus |