| Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | Variable throughout range |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Spawning occurs over most of the year in lower latitudes, but is seasonal (spring and summer) toward the northern and southern limits of the distribution. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |