| Main Ref. | Wourms, J.P., 1991 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | internal (oviduct) |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | Yes. Ref. SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations, 2018 |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Sequeira, V., R. Neves, R. Barros Paiva, A.R. Vieira and L.S. Gordo, 2012 |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | The reproductive mode is a zygoparous form of oviparity, intermediate between oviparity and viviparity (Ref. 36265, 79712). Eggs covered with gelatinous material are fertilised in the ovary. Eggs are released into the seabed at various stages of development and larvae assumes a planktonic existence once the gelatinous covering dissolves (Ref. 31150). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |