Ref. principal | Morrow, J.E., 1980 |
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Notas | A coastal species not found far offshore (Ref. 27547). Occurs at shallow depths on mud bottoms, often in brackish water and may even enter rivers (Ref. 4705). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on small fishes, bottom invertebrates (Ref. 4705), and zoobenthos (Ref. 27547). Moves closer inshore in the evenings, especially on a rising tide (Ref. 27547). Appears to move offshore in the fall and inshore in the spring (Ref. 27547). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Parasitismo |
Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Morrow, J.E., 1980 |
Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Ponomarev, S.A., G.G. Novikov, I.V. Burukovsky and A.P. Stolyarov, 2001 |
Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Da composição da dieta | 3.43 | 0.06 | 3.22 | 0.46 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.60 | 0.54 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Ponomarev, S.A., G.G. Novikov, I.V. Burukovsky and A.P. Stolyarov, 2001 |