| 主要參考文獻 | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Encountered generally over rocky bottoms in the vicinity of coral reefs, up to at least 40 or 50 m (Ref. 9313). Juveniles may penetrate rocky littoral pools (Ref. 9313). Carnivorous, feeds on fishes and invertebrates of the bottom (Ref. 9313, 57615). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 3.80 | 3.57 | 0.44 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.85 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002 | ||||