ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 |
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ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Inhabits coastal rocky reef areas (Ref. 12460) and Posidonia oceanica beds. Like other sparids, it is very active and frequents the surf zone, primarily at dawn (Ref. 13780). Diurnal omnivore feeding on algae, sea-urchins, worms, gastropods and amphipods (Ref. 55064). Important predators of sea urchins in Azorean coastal habitats (Ref. 55064). Feeds on shellfish and other benthic invertebrates which it picks from the sediment (Ref. 5377). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 |
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Maigret, J. and B. Ly, 1986 |
Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 3.38 | 0.09 | 3.03 | 0.22 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.24 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Sala, E. and E. Ballesteros, 1997 |