主要参考文献 | Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1971 |
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附注 | Oceanic species which occurs near the surface (Ref. 2850). Feeds on cephalopods, fish and invertebrates (Ref. 4563). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
参考文献 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1971 |
摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Watanabe, H., T. Kubodera and S. Kawahara, 2006 |
Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
从食物内容 | 4.40 | 0.32 | 4.19 | 0.43 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
从个别的食物项目 | 3.84 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参考文献 | Watanabe, H., T. Kubodera and S. Kawahara, 2006 |