Ecology Summary - Alosa immaculata

Taal:

Hoofdreferentie	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Opmerkingen	Feeds on fish and benthic crustaceans (Ref. 188). Euryhaline, anadromous, moving northward in the Black Sea in spring and early summer. Remains at depths of 40-90 m during winter, moving to shallower waters in spring and near the bottom at water temperatures of 10-15°C in summer and autumn (Ref. 10439). In Kagoul Lake in the Danube Delta, numerous juveniles 2.6-7.0 cm FL were noted in July-August at water temperatures of 15.8-19.5°C, oxygen concentration of 9.9-10.4 ml/l and pH of 8.0-8.1 (Ref. 10440).

Hoofdreferentie

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985

Opmerkingen

Feeds on fish and benthic crustaceans (Ref. 188). Euryhaline, anadromous, moving northward in the Black Sea in spring and early summer. Remains at depths of 40-90 m during winter, moving to shallower waters in spring and near the bottom at water temperatures of 10-15°C in summer and autumn (Ref. 10439). In Kagoul Lake in the Danube Delta, numerous juveniles 2.6-7.0 cm FL were noted in July-August at water temperatures of 15.8-19.5°C, oxygen concentration of 9.9-10.4 ml/l and pH of 8.0-8.1 (Ref. 10440).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuaria/Lagunes/Brak water mangroven moerassen	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Grotten Enkel in grotten

Highighted items on the list are where Alosa immaculata may be found.

Habitat

Ondergrond	Soft Bottom
Substrate Ref.
Speciale habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associaties

Ref.
Associaties
Geassocieerd met
Opmerkingen in verband met associaties
Parasitisme

Voeding

Voedingstype	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Voedingsgewoonte	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Origineel staal		Onbeviste populatie		Opmerking
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Opmerking
Op basis van dieetsamenstelling	3.98	0.59			Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
Op basis van individuele voedselitems	3.93	0.67			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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