Ecology Summary - Mallotus villosus

Língua:

Ref. principal	Hart, J.L., 1973
Notas	Oceanic species found in schools (Ref. 2850). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on planktonic crustaceans, copepods (especially Calanus (Ref. 5951)), euphausiids, amphipods, marine worms, and small fishes (Ref. 6885, 35388). Fish examined were non-spawning adults (Ref. 6885). It is preyed upon by other fishes, birds and marine mammals; Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod) as their chief predator. Parasites of the species include Eubothrium parvum (cestode), Anisakis sp. And Contracaecum sp. (nematodes) and Glugea sp. (protozoan) (Ref. 5951).

Ref. principal

Hart, J.L., 1973

Notas

Oceanic species found in schools (Ref. 2850). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on planktonic crustaceans, copepods (especially Calanus (Ref. 5951)), euphausiids, amphipods, marine worms, and small fishes (Ref. 6885, 35388). Fish examined were non-spawning adults (Ref. 6885). It is preyed upon by other fishes, birds and marine mammals; Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod) as their chief predator. Parasites of the species include Eubothrium parvum (cestode), Anisakis sp. And Contracaecum sp. (nematodes) and Glugea sp. (protozoan) (Ref. 5951).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuários/lagunas/áreas estuarinas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Grutas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Mallotus villosus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations	schooling; shoaling;
Associated with
Association remarks	Oceanic species found in schools (Ref. 2850), especially during spawning season (Ref. 86779).
Parasitism

Alimentação

Tipo de alimentação	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Hart, J.L., 1973
Hábito alimentar	selective plankton feeding
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Amostra original		População virgem (não pescada)		Nota
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Nota
Da composição da dieta	3.15	0.09	3.12	0.27	Troph of juv./adults from 8 studies.
Dos itens alimentares individuais	3.19	0.40			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Kuznetsova, N.A., 1997

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