Ecology Summary - Petromyzon marinus

Langue:

Réf. Princ.	Farmer, J.G., 1980
Remarques	Amphihaline species making important migrations. Spends its adult life in the sea for about 20 to 30 months. Adults enter freshwater/estuaries for spawning in spring; after spawning they normally die (Ref. 51442). The larvae are reported to spend 6-8 years in the substrate followed by metamorphosis and movement to sea. They remain in the estuarine/marine environment for a juvenile feeding period lasting 23-28 months, during which they grow from ca. 4 to 900 g; at the end of this period, they move into rivers as adults and reproduce (Ref. 58185). Larvae live in rivers where they feed on microorganisms and detritus (Ref. 30578, Ref. 51442). During juvenile feeding phase, they may not only feed on dead or netted fish, but also attach themselves to healthy fish (e.g. wide variety of bony fishes, sharks and marine mammals) by scraping a hole in their skin and sucking out the blood, body fluids and flesh. Adults are hematophageous predators of fishes (Ref. 51442). The ammocoetes-larvae is microphageous feeding mostly on diatoms (Ref. 51442).

Réf. Princ.

Farmer, J.G., 1980

Remarques

Amphihaline species making important migrations. Spends its adult life in the sea for about 20 to 30 months. Adults enter freshwater/estuaries for spawning in spring; after spawning they normally die (Ref. 51442). The larvae are reported to spend 6-8 years in the substrate followed by metamorphosis and movement to sea. They remain in the estuarine/marine environment for a juvenile feeding period lasting 23-28 months, during which they grow from ca. 4 to 900 g; at the end of this period, they move into rivers as adults and reproduce (Ref. 58185). Larvae live in rivers where they feed on microorganisms and detritus (Ref. 30578, Ref. 51442). During juvenile feeding phase, they may not only feed on dead or netted fish, but also attach themselves to healthy fish (e.g. wide variety of bony fishes, sharks and marine mammals) by scraping a hole in their skin and sucking out the blood, body fluids and flesh. Adults are hematophageous predators of fishes (Ref. 51442). The ammocoetes-larvae is microphageous feeding mostly on diatoms (Ref. 51442).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuaires/lagons/zones saumâtres mangroves marais	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Grottes exclusivement

Highighted items on the list are where Petromyzon marinus may be found.

Habitat

Substrat
Substrate Ref.
Habitats spéciaux
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Réf.	Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988
Associations	parasitism;
Associé avec	On freshwater fishes Coregonus johannae, C. nigripinnis, C. zenithicus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus namaycush, and on marine fishes Cetorhinus maximus, Acipenser oxyrinchus, Alosa sapidissima,
Remarques sur les associations	Parasites of landlocked sea lampreys include: 3 trematodes, 4 cestodes, 1 nematode, 1 acanthocephalan, 1 leech, 1 mollusc and 1 copepod (Ref. 5951). Parasitism on fishes with occurrence of multiple attachments (e.g., 3 on Cetorhinus maximus, 2-3 on Urophycis chuss) (Ref. 89241). Adults are parasitic, using their sharp teeth to attach themselves to cetaceans and large fish and feed off their host’s blood, body fluids and flesh for several days, usually without killing the host (Ref. 59043). An anticoagulant substance prevents the blood of the prey from clotting (Ref. 12324, 35387, 88186).
Parasitisme	outside host

Prise alimentaire

Type de prise alimentaire	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Farmer, J.G., 1980
Habitude alimentaire	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Farmer, J.G., 1980

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Échantillon original		Population non pêchée		Remarque
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remarque
À partir du régime alimentaire
À partir des éléments alimentaires	4.37	0.85			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Réf.

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