Ecology Summary - Pareques acuminatus

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Main Ref.	Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022
Anmärkningar	Occurs in clear waters of tropical islands, especially near coral reefs, but also in adjacent bays over rough bottom. Also often found under eroded edges of seagrass beds (Ref. 26938). Juveniles of about the same age, often in groups of 3-7, were observed in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices, The young are usually found in small groups of the same age, in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices,but may also be found in deeper water. Adults occurs among rocks, under ledges, inside caves and, eventually in the open. The species is mainly nocturnal, spending the day sheltered and feeding at night on sand, mud, and rubble bottoms close to the reef, feeding on crustaceans, polychaetes, small bony fishes, and zooplankton (Ref. 128874). Cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840).

Main Ref.

Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022

Anmärkningar

Occurs in clear waters of tropical islands, especially near coral reefs, but also in adjacent bays over rough bottom. Also often found under eroded edges of seagrass beds (Ref. 26938). Juveniles of about the same age, often in groups of 3-7, were observed in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices, The young are usually found in small groups of the same age, in very shallow water under ledges or near sand pockets close to reef crevices,but may also be found in deeper water. Adults occurs among rocks, under ledges, inside caves and, eventually in the open. The species is mainly nocturnal, spending the day sheltered and feeding at night on sand, mud, and rubble bottoms close to the reef, feeding on crustaceans, polychaetes, small bony fishes, and zooplankton (Ref. 128874). Cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Flodmynningar/laguner/bräckta havsområden mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Grottor uteslutande

Highighted items on the list are where Pareques acuminatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Carvalho-Filho, A., C. Oliveira, L. Maximiano, J. Tavera, A.P. Acero and A.P. Marceniuk, 2022
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Other habitats: deep-water corals;
Special habitats Ref.	Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016

Associations

Ref.	Sazima, I., R.L. Moura and C. Sazima, 1999
Associations	symbiosis;
Associated with	Cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094).
Association remarks
Parasitism

Föda

Typ av föda	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Födosöksstrategi	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Ursprungligt prov		Ofiskad population		Kommentar
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Kommentar
Från födosammansättning	3.59	0.46	3.52	0.50	Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
Från individuella födoämnen	3.50	0.37			Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item
Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

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