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Found in moving water of inshore rocky reefs (Ref. 12497); also from coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Juveniles may ascend rivers. Spawning occurs during winter, in deeper rocky reefs. Predaceous, feeding on zooplankton at an early age and on small fish and shrimps as adults (Ref. 12497). Fish >6.0 cm SL were piscivorous (Ref. 49776). Larval migration to better foraging grounds with higher prey biomass, elevated temperature and reduced salinity may reduce early mortality and attain a better condition. Utilization of the calanoid copepod Sinocalanus sinensis in the nursery grounds is one of the key early survival and growth strategies of larvae and juveniles (Refs. 57039, 57040, 57044,). Higher values of RNA, DNA, total protein, growth rates and for all nucleic acid-based indices in areas where larvae and juveniles preyed on Sinocalanus sinensis which is the single dominant prey in low saline upper river areas than a multispecific dietary habit dominated by the common coastal copepods in the lower areas in Chikugu estuary, Ariake, Sea (Ref. 57044). Also in Ref. 9137. |