Ecology Summary - Engraulis ringens

Lengua:

Referencia principal	Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988
Observaciones	Inhabits the upwelling system off Peru and Chile. Mainly within 80 km of coast, but occasionally as far out as 160 km, forming huge shoals, chiefly in surface waters (descending in daytime to 50 m, rising at night). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on diatoms and copepods (Ref. 42392). Its northern distribution in Peruvian waters is limited in some years by the El Niño phenomenon.

Referencia principal

Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988

Observaciones

Inhabits the upwelling system off Peru and Chile. Mainly within 80 km of coast, but occasionally as far out as 160 km, forming huge shoals, chiefly in surface waters (descending in daytime to 50 m, rising at night). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on diatoms and copepods (Ref. 42392). Its northern distribution in Peruvian waters is limited in some years by the El Niño phenomenon.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuarios/lagunas/mares salobres mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Cuevas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Engraulis ringens may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Referencia
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Alimentación

Tipo De Alimentación	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Pauly, D., A. Jarre, S. Luna, V. Sambilay Jr., B.R. de Mendiola and A. Alamo, 1989
Hábito De Alimentación	filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Muestra original		Población no pescada		Observación
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Observación
De la composición de la dieta			2.70	0.32
De tipos individuales de alimento	2.86	0.38			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Referencia	Pauly, D., A. Jarre, S. Luna, V. Sambilay Jr., B.R. de Mendiola and A. Alamo, 1989

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