| Main Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
|---|---|
| Anmärkningar | Inhabits bays, coastal grassy areas and shallow banks. Solitary (Ref. 26340) and retreats into shelter when frightened (Ref. 9710). Synchronously hermaphroditic. Popular as a pan fish despite its small size. Feeds on fish and crustaceans (Ref. 26338). Reported as follower of the sea star Luidia senegalensis, and this is likely due to feeding on disturbed or exposed prey due to sea star activities (Ref. 55760). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
| Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Från födosammansättning | 4.49 | 4.15 | 0.61 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| Från individuella födoämnen | 4.15 | 0.71 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||