ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992 |
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ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Pelagic in neritic and oceanic waters, sometimes near the bottom (Ref. 5217). Small juveniles may be found near the shore (Ref. 5217); adults near bottom to depths of 60 m (Ref. 26938). Feed on sedentary or slow moving crustaceans and occasionally feed on small crabs and fishes (Ref. 9283). Adults are solitary and inhabit shallow coastal waters. Juveniles are pelagic and inhabit open seas. Feeds on small crabs, sea lice, and small fishes (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
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Associations | solitary; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 3.95 | 0.66 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.56 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002 |